Carbon Neutral vs Net Zero: What's the Difference?

The terms 'carbon neutral' and 'net zero' are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings in the context of climate change mitigation. Both phrases refer to reducing greenhouse gas emissions to a level that does not contribute to global warming, but they differ in their approach and scope.

Net Zero: A Target for Climate Change Mitigation

Net zero refers to the goal of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by balancing the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere with the amount removed or absorbed. This can be achieved through reducing emissions and removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere using technologies that actively take in carbon dioxide or enhancing natural removal methods such as planting trees.

The UK's plan for reaching net zero, for example, includes increasing energy efficiency, using more renewable energy to produce electricity for heating and transport, and making use of hydrogen to replace fossil fuels. Many countries have pledged to reach net zero emissions by 2050, including the UK, which has enshrined in law a target to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 78% by 2035 compared to 1990 levels.

Carbon Neutral: A Different Approach

A person, company or country is considered carbon neutral if they balance the carbon dioxide they release into the atmosphere through their everyday activities with the amount they absorb or remove from the atmosphere. This can be achieved through carbon offsetting, where emissions are reduced or offset by investing in projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions elsewhere.

For example, a company might invest in wind turbines to generate electricity and offset its own carbon emissions. While carbon neutral is often referred to as net zero carbon emissions or net zero carbon, the two terms are not interchangeable. Net zero refers specifically to achieving a balance between emissions and removals of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, while carbon neutral focuses on balancing daily activities with absorptions.

The Importance of Both Terms

Both carbon neutral and net zero are important concepts in climate change mitigation efforts. By understanding the difference between the two terms, individuals, companies, and governments can better develop strategies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to a more sustainable future.

In conclusion, while both carbon neutral and net zero refer to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, they differ in their approach and scope. Net zero aims to achieve a balance between emissions and removals of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, while carbon neutral focuses on balancing daily activities with absorptions. Understanding these terms is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable development.

Carbon neutral versus net zero